This repeating common words is the 'Radif' of the Ghazal. What is 'Radif'? In a Ghazal, second line of all the Sher's *MUST* end with the *SAME* word/s. Small : Ahale Dairo-Haram Reh Gaye Tere Deewane Kam Reh Gaye Medium : Umr Jalwo Mein Basar Ho, Ye Zaruri Tho Nahin Har Shab-E-Gam Ki Seher Ho, Ye Zaruri To Nahin Long : Ai Mere Humnashin, Chal Kahin Aur Chal, Iss Chaman Me Ab Apanaa Guzaaraa Nahin Baat Hoti Gulon Ki, To Seh Lete Hum, Ab To Kaaton Pe Bhi Haq Hamaaraa Nahin So Ghazal is a collection of Sher's of SAME 'Beher'. The examples in and italicised are my additions, from Hindi Films. But in simple terms, 'Beher' is categorized in 3 classes: Short, medium, long. All the Sher's in one Ghazal *MUST* be of the same 'Beher'. Both the lines in the Sher *MUST* be of same 'Beher'.
It can be considered as the length of the Sher. What is 'Beher'? 'Beher' is the 'meter' of the Sher's. What are other restrictions ? Many, and important ones. So Ghazal is necessarily a collection of two-line-poems called Sher. All the 4 stanzas in our example are independent Sher's. Please note that, every Sher is a poem in itself! A Sher does not need, anything around it, to convey the message. Koi Ummid Bar Nahin Aati, Koi Surat Nazar Nahin Aati, Aage Aati Thi Haale Dil Par Hasi, Ab Kisi Baat Par Nahin AatiHum Wahan Hain, Jahan Se Humko Bhi, Kucch Hamaari Khabar Nahin Aati Kaabaa Kis Muh Se Jaaoge 'Ghalib', Sharm Tumko Magar Nahin Aati What is a Sher? It's a poem of two lines. To understand these terms easily, we will take an example. It is important for Ghazal scholars to understand these terms. Ghazal in short, is a collection of Sher's which follow the rules of 'Matla', 'Maqta', 'Beher', 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'. So "Preciseness" of the "Definition" should not be questioned. Classical Definition of Ghazal ~ Abhay Avachat Also one thing should be kept in mind that, this is not Mathematics.
So any mistakes in these parts, are mine. To that I have added in the following, what is not a Ghazal. The essay talks only about what is a Ghazal. One part of it describes the definition of Ghazal. The essay is written in Hindi, and is about History of Ghazal, its development, its milestones, important Shayar's etc. In this there is a long essay "Ghazal Kya Hai ?" by Dr Arshad Jamaal. There is Book / Dictionary / Collection of Sher's titled "Aaina-e-Ghazal", which IMHO is a treasure for every Ghazal fan. Although, many would know this, for some this could be informative.
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